Individual, Family, and Society
Definition of Individual
"individual" is derived
from the Latin word, "Individuum" means "undivided". So,
the individual is the smallest unit of society. In the social sciences,
individual means also the smallest part of a group of people who can not be
separated again into smaller parts. basically, each individual has different
characteristics. Individual who join together to form a group or community.
Individual will have the same characteristics as the group which he joined.
Definition of growth
Growth can be interpreted as a
quantitative changes in material things as a result of environmental
influences. The quantitative changes can be enlarged or added from nothing into
existence, from small to a larger one, from a narrow become wide, and others.
Factors that affect the growth :
• The
establishment of nativistic
According to experts of this group found that growth is
solely determined by factors inborn and similarity (specific gene) between
children and parents.
• The
establishment of Empiristic and Environmentalistic
Experts believes, that the individual growth depends solely
on the environment, and basic has no role at all. So according to this
establishment refuses base in individual growth and further emphasis on the
environment and, consequently, only the environment was much discussed.
• The
establishment of convergence and interactionism
This thing is found between the basic and environmental
interactions can determine individual growth.
Individual growth phase based on psychology
1. the vital period ie from age 0.0 to about 2 years.
2. The aesthetic of the age of approximately 2 years to
about 7 years.
3. The period of intellectual approximately 7 years to about
13 years or 14 years.
4. The period of social, approximately age 13 or 14 years until
approximately 20-21 years.
Definition of Family and Its
function
The family is the unit / unit of
the smallest community which constitute a small group in society. The group is
in relation to to development of the individual is often known as the primary
group. This group gave birth to individuals to various forms of personality in
society.
The family has four characteristics that give clarity about
the concept of family.
1. The
family is composed of people who are united by ties of marriage, blood or
adoption. That bind husband and wife is marriage, which unites parents and
children are related by blood (usually) and sometimes coral adoption.
2. The
members of a family usually live together in one house, and they formed a
household sometimes a household that consists of a married couple without
children, or to one or two children.
3. The
family is a unity of people who interact and communicate with each other, which
plays the role of husband and wife, father and mother, son and daughter.
4. The
family maintains a common culture largely derived from the wider public
culture.
The core family consisting of
father, mother, and children. From the work of Emile Durkheim on family
sociology comes the term: Conjugal family / core family: the family in a
monogamous marriage. Koentjaraningrat distinguish three kinds of extended
family based on its shape:
1. utrolocal
extended family, customary utrolokal, composed of senior nuclear family to
families of conjugal / core boys and girls.
2.
viriolocal extended family, indigenous Based viriolokal, consisting of a senior
nuclear family to nuclear families of the boys.
3. Extended
family uxorilocal, based indigenous uxorilokal, consisting of a senior nuclear
family to families batih / core daughters.
Definition of Family's
function
The function of is a jobs or
tasks that must be implemented in or by the family.
Family functions according to Friedman, 1998 (in Setiawati
& Courtesy, 2008) are:
a) Affective
functions
Affective function is an internal function of the family as
the the basic strength of the family. Therein associated to mutual love, mutual
support and mutual respect among members ancestry.
b) Socialization
function
Socialization function is a function that is developing a
process of interaction in the family. Socialization begins at birth and family
is a place of individuals to learn to socialize.
c) Reproductive
function
Reproductive function is a function of the family to carry
on offspring survival and increase human resources.
d) Economic
Functions
The economic function is a function of the family to meet
the needs of all family members, namely: clothing, food and shelter.
e) Function
Health Care
The function of health care is a family function to prevent
health problems and caring for family members with health problems.
Definition of Society
In English society used the term that comes from the Latin
word socius, which means "friend", community term itself comes from
the root of the Arabic word that Syaraka which means "to participate,
participating".
Drs. Major JBAF Polak call society is the inter-relationship
of all container consists of a lot of social-kolektivas as well as groups and
each group consisted of groups or subgroups better.
According to Prof. MM Djojodiguno society is a unanimity of
all the developments in the life shared between human and other human.
In the development and growth society can be classified
into:
1. Modest
society In Modest societies (primitive) patterns of division of labor tends to
be differentiated according to gender. The division of labor by sex, seems to
stem from the starting of the background of the weakness and physical abilities
between a woman and a man in the face of challenges when the nature is wild.
2. Advanced
society Advanced society has a variety of social group needs, or better known
as community organizations that group grew and developed based on the needs and
specific objectives to be achieved. In advanced societies, can be
distinguished:
a. The
non-industrial society. Broadly speaking, the national group or non-industrial
civil society organizations can be classified into two
categories, namely primary group (primary group) and the secondary group
(secondary group).
- Primary Group
In the primary
group, the interaction between members established more intensive, more
closely, more familiar. The primary group is also called the "face to face
group", because the group members often engage in dialogue, face to face,
because it was to know each other more closely, more akrab.Sifat interaksidalam
patterned primary groups based on kinship and sympathy.
The division of labor or the
division of tasks in the group, which receive and execute tasks idak forcible,
more emphasis on awareness, responsibility and the members took place on the
basis of sympathy and voluntarily. Examples of primary groups, among others:
family, neighborhood, study groups, religious groups, and so forth.
- Secondary group
Between
members of the secondary group, adrift indirect mutual relations, formal, less
also be kekeluargaan.Oleh Therefore, the nature of the interaction, the
division of labor among the members of the group are set on the basis of
rational considerations. Objective.
The members accept the division
of labor / tasks on the basis of ability: specific skills, in addition to the
dedication required. Such things were necessary to achieve the specific goals
and objectives that have existed in the programs that have been agreed upon.
Examples of secondary groups, for example: political parties, associations of
trade unions / labor unions, professional organizations and so on.
b. Industrial
Society
Society has intelligence / special skills independently
owned, to a certain extent. Example baker, shoemaker, turner, welder.
Conclusion :
So, individuals, families, and
society greatly affect the surrounding environment. Communities that will
better reflect the lives of families and individuals in the neighborhood. An
individual gets his rights of the family in the form of education, etc. so that
people can live well in society.
According to Ellwood, the factors that cause humans to live
together, are:
o The urge
for foraging.
o The urge
to defend themselves.
o The urge
to establish the offspring.
source :
image : google.com
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